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The first report about bacteriophages was made by Hankin in 1890-th. The scientists fixed antibacterial potential of the waters of Ganges in India. In 1915 British bacteriologist Frederick Twort isolated viruses, which can destroy bacterias. In 1917 D’Herele find ‘ a virus parasitic to bacteria’. He called the virus bacteriophage bacteria-eater (Phago in greek means to eat). At the same time Georgian microbiologist George Eliava was observing the same phenomenon. Something was destroying bacteria of cholera in the river Mtkvari (Kura). In 1920-1921 George Eliava was sent to the Pasteur’s Institute where he met Felix d’Herele and became familiar with his works. Later they became close friends. Since 1920-th D’Herele was closely cooperating with George Eliava. He liked Soviet governments initiative of supporting the science. D’Herele worked in India where he was producing the preparations of bacteriophages and used those preparations for preventive measures mainly for the purification of water and infected areas: springs and wells. Big quantities of preparations he was sending to Soviet Union to treat Red Army.
Bacteriophages are parasitic to bacteria viruses . They are called the bacteria-eater viruses, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, are existing in natural environments and are directly related to the numbers of bacteria present. They make significant impact on the evolution of bacteria.
Bacteriophages use to attach to their specific host bacteria and to inject their genetic material (DNA) into the bacterial cell. The favorable hosting area enables bacteriophages' DNA to multiply itself. The process is followed by formation of many new bacteriophages, which cause cell burst. After loosing their host millions of bacteriophages are starting to chase their new specific host bacteria to complete their life cycle.
D’Herelle was the first who introduced the use of phages for therapeutic treatment purposes against infectious bacterial diseases. The preparations of bacteriophages have been used for treatment in the United States and, Eastern Europe in the Soviet Union an in particular in Georgia. The preparations were used for preventive and treatment measures in medicine, veterinary practice, water purification and disinfection.
The Lake Paliastomi Currently our center is working on problems related to the lake paliastomi pollution issues. Our recent pre-print may give you initial information on an issue."New challenges towards ecological management of Paliastomi Lake will signicantly improve local environment with far-going global consequences."The article discusses the issues of bacterial pollution brought on by migratory waterfowl in Paliastomi Lake, which is a significant tourist destination, a wintering and transit place for birds, and a source of pollution from industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources. It examines: the current state of the environment of Paliastomi Lake as of the chemical and microbiological research and mathematical simulation modeling of possible dissemination of polluting chemicals and bacterial pathogens; pollution by nutrient-rich water causing large blooms of algae and aquatic plants that, in turn, leave little oxygen for fish and other aquatic animals, resulting in eutrophication followed by suffocation of aquatic life. Red more
Other Publications of ICFER water related issues:
EU Energy Community – Challenges and Solutions for European Integration, 2015http://www.eoesummit.org/blog/news/issue-13-of-the-eye-on-earth-view/
Journal of Applied Microbiology/AMS, 2007
In Soviet period before the
invention of antibiotics the bacteriophage were widely
used in veterinary practice, as an efficient
treatment-preventive preparations.
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Today the interest towards bacteriophages increased. The reason is that the resistance of bacteria against antibiotics has increased. The systematical usage of antibiotics led to appearing of new strengthened bacteria.
In 2003 International Center for Environmental Research Jointly with its cluster partners JSC Biochimfarm" strated to implement WB Georgian Agriculture Development Program’s Project - CGS 03-70 "Demonstration and application of achievement of environmentaly friendly and efficient technology on the use of treatment-preventive veterinary biopreparation of bacteriophages against antibiotic resistant salmonela infections in poultry" The purpose of our project was to demonstrate environmentally friendly, and efficient, veterinary, preventive- treating technology against antibiotic resistant microbes for its further practical use.We have created Project Implementation Team (PIT) Alexander Golijashvili-
Project Manager;
Dr. Prof. Sergo Rigvava- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Microbiologist, Veterinarian
Gia Kakabadze- Cameramen
PIT has undertaken following tasks: -identified illness dynamics during different years, types of illness, possible sources of their distribution in different age groups; -reviewed provided preventive - treatment measures and had identified the reasons for fall; -identified sanitary hygienic indicators of water; -identified sanitary hygienic indicators of food; --approved provisional instruction for the use of Interstibacteriophage preparation in poultry at Georgian Veterinary University scientific Council and Georgian State Vetrinary Department; -held a workshop and a conference for stakeholders: poultry farmers, agricultural companies , research institutions, international donors Additional information is available on request.
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